Summer 25

Grapefruit oil is cold pressed from the fruit’s golden rind. Native to the Caribbean, grapefruit is thought to have been born from an accidental union of pomelo, the largest citrus fruit, and sweet orange. An eighteenth-century Welsh sailor described it as one of the ‘seven wonders of Barbados’.

Ffern’s geranium, _Pelargonium graveolens_, is also known as the rose geranium. Legend has it that this flower was created when the prophet Mohammed, after bathing in a river, laid his shirt upon a mallow branch to dry. The mallow was so honoured that it transformed into the beautiful rose geranium.

This member of the magnolia family has orange and yellow petals, attracting bees and birds with its fragrant flowers. Its oil is extracted using a solvent extraction method. Our red champaca is sourced from the Indian Himalayas, where the flowers are often floated in bowls of water to scent a room.

Our rock rose grows wild on the plains of Almaden de la Plata outside Seville, Spain. In late summer, the leafy stems of the plant are sickle harvested and plunged into hot carbonated water. This mixture is distilled to obtain a honeyed, amber resin - labdanum.

We press our sweet orange oil from the rind of cold-pressed Hamlin oranges grown in the mineral-rich state of Minas Gerais in Brazil. Hamlin orange trees are among the most tolerant of cold and their fruit comes early, the season beginning in October.

Our palmarosa grows wild in the Himalayas and in the Radjmahal Mountains on India’s Afghan border, where it is harvested by indigenous tribes. The grasses are then dried for a week to increase the essential oil yield before undergoing steam distillation.

Our nutmeg grows on the Banda islands of eastern Indonesia. The fruit is harvested with handheld telescopic pickers and left to dry in the shade - the seed oil is then steam distilled at source.

Peru balsam is drawn from the forests of El Salvador and Guatemala, where the Myroxylon balsamum tree was once traded through Peruvian ports. The tree bark is gently scored, releasing a dark, honeyed resin, then steam distilled and transformed into an oil that is sweet and woody.

Ffern mandarins are harvested in the months before ripening. Whilst still green, they are cold pressed on site to preserve their delicate top notes. The scent is notably sharper and more floral than their ripe counterparts.

Olibanum (also known as frankincense) is a resin taken from the bark of the Boswellia tree. At Ffern we use _Boswellia carterii_. The trees grow wild along the Gulf of Aden in northern Somalia, and the resin ‘tears’ are harvested by local collectors over a period of weeks.⁠ ⁠

Ffern petitgrain is harvested in Paraguay from a hybrid tree - a cross between a sweet *Citrus x sinensis* and a bitter *Citrus x aurantium*. Grown by a network of family farmers, the tree’s leaves and branches are cut and immediately distilled in hand built, clay sealed wooden distilleries.

We chose Haitian vetiver over Javan competitors for its fresh, sparkling notes, and because the root provides sustainable employment for south Haitian communities. One year after planting, the roots are excavated, washed, cut, and sun-dried before they can be steam distilled at source.

Davana belongs to the silver-leafed _Artemisia_ family, and many tiny yellow flowers grow against its soft greenery. Native to India, the dried herb has a sweet, dried-fruit aroma that is reminiscent of tea.

Gurjun balsam is a natural resin drawn from trees of the Dipterocarpus genus, native to Southeast Asia. It’s obtained through tapping the tree bark - a traditional extraction method that allows each tree to rest and replenish for months or even years before being tapped again. It carries a woody depth with smooth, slightly leathery undertones.