Winter 27 Candle • 52h

Our Siberian pine needle comes from the branches of evergreen trees that occupy rugged mountains. After undergoing steam distillation, the needles yield an essential oil that is fresh and zesty with a camphorous bite, carrying the sharpness of high, cold coniferous woodland.

Fermented from rice bran - a byproduct of rice farming - our natural vanillin has a creamy and sweet character. Formed through an entirely natural process that yields a compound chemically identical to the molecule found in vanilla, our vanillin is subtly different from vanilla absolute which is more ambery in tone.

We harvest our oakwood from the forests of the Allier region in central France, where production is carefully regulated to ensure sustainable harvesting. Our CO2 extraction method preserves the natural aroma of the wood without degrading its components.

Our black spruce needle comes from trees grown across the boreal forests, where the species is hardy enough to withstand brutal, ice-cold winters. The needles and young branches are steam distilled to produce an essential oil, which is camphorous and woody, with a cool, spiced character.

Birch tar is produced by the purification and re-distillation of crude birch oil, which is itself obtained by the slow distillation of birch bark. Our birch bark is a byproduct of the wood industry in the United States, with the distillation process also taking place in the USA.

Juniper berries are not in fact berries, but the seed cone produced by female juniper trees. To make juniper oil, these seed cones are plucked once a year, then dried and ground before undergoing steam distillation. We source our juniper oil in Slovenia.

Peru balsam is drawn from the forests of El Salvador and Guatemala, where the Myroxylon balsamum tree was once traded through Peruvian ports. The tree bark is gently scored, releasing a dark, honeyed resin, then steam distilled and transformed into an oil that is sweet and woody.

Translated from the French, 'wood of the Landes', after the pine forests of south-western France, Bois des Landes is created through the co-distillation of pine resinoid and Virginian cedarwood oil. A material with an olfactory character of its own, it is evocative of walking through a pine forest, with facets of balsam fir and blackcurrant.

Our cedar leaf essential oil comes from the eastern white cedar tree, Thuja occidentalis. This hardy evergreen is native to Quebec, where it thrives amid wetlands, rocky ridges and cold northern forests. In perfumery, cedar leaf is both agrestic and terpenic - wild, raw and forest-like, with an untamed quality.

Eucalyptus is a genus of over seven hundred species in the Myrtle family, Myrtaceae. We harvest our blue gum eucalyptus on the Yunnan Plateau, China; the essential oil is created through steam distillation of the leaves.

Our rock rose grows wild on the plains of Almaden de la Plata outside Seville, Spain. In late summer, the leafy stems of the plant are sickle harvested and plunged into hot carbonated water. This mixture is distilled to obtain a honeyed, amber resin - labdanum.

Our red cedar wood (also known as red juniper) is grown and harvested in its native Virginia, USA. The oil is steam distilled directly from a cabinet maker’s offcuts. It shares the classic woody notes of atlas cedar, but introduces a distinctive ‘pencil’ facet.

Gurjun balsam is a natural resin drawn from trees of the Dipterocarpus genus, native to Southeast Asia. It’s obtained through tapping the tree bark - a traditional extraction method that allows each tree to rest and replenish for months or even years before being tapped again. It carries a woody depth with smooth, slightly leathery undertones.