Winter 27

Our black spruce needle comes from trees grown across the boreal forests, where the species is hardy enough to withstand brutal, ice-cold winters. The needles and young branches are steam distilled to produce an essential oil, which is camphorous and woody, with a cool, spiced character.

The clementine is a citrus hybrid, born from the crossing of a willowleaf mandarin and a sweet orange. Ours are grown on the French island of Corsica, where the fruit is protected. The essential oil is extracted by cold expression of the outer peel, preserving the fruit’s vivid, natural aroma.

Juniper berries are not in fact berries, but the seed cone produced by female juniper trees. To make juniper oil, these seed cones are plucked once a year, then dried and ground before undergoing steam distillation. We source our juniper oil in Slovenia.

We harvest our oakwood from the forests of the Allier region in central France, where production is carefully regulated to ensure sustainable harvesting. Our CO2 extraction method preserves the natural aroma of the wood without degrading its components.

Our Madagascan vanilla absolute is the most concentrated form of natural vanilla on Earth. Extracted from the cured pods of the evergreen, climbing orchid, Vanilla planifolia, it has an aromatic profile that is woody, warm, gourmand and sweet. Ours is sourced from a terroir that is considered the benchmark for vanilla quality in perfumery.

Our Siberian pine needle comes from the branches of evergreen trees that occupy rugged mountains. After undergoing steam distillation, the needles yield an essential oil that is fresh and zesty with a camphorous bite, carrying the sharpness of high, cold coniferous woodland.

Also known as musk mallow, ambrette seed oil is a wonderful plant-based alternative to musk. Native to India, the kidney bean-shaped seeds are dried before undergoing steam distillation. Our growers are in San Martín, Peru, a region dominated by biodiverse forest ecosystems.

The La Faces are a third-generation citrus farming family, growing our lemons on the northeastern tip of Sicily - just across the 3km straight of Messina and in sight of our bergamot on the Calabrian shores. The fruit is picked by hand, and the rinds cold pressed on site.

Grown on Calabrian hills overlooking the Ionian Sea, the fruit is harvested by hand and the oil extracted at source. The La Face family planted their first bergamot in the 1930s and have been mastering the craft of producing citrus oils ever since.

Peppermint is a cross between watermint and spearmint, a familiar sparkly note with a slight peppery edge. We partner with farmers in India's northerly Mint Regions to grow and steam distill our high grade peppermint oil.

Our cedar leaf essential oil comes from the eastern white cedar tree, Thuja occidentalis. This hardy evergreen is native to Quebec, where it thrives amid wetlands, rocky ridges and cold northern forests. In perfumery, cedar leaf is both agrestic and terpenic - wild, raw and forest-like, with an untamed quality.

Cardamom is a tall, reed-like shrub native to South India and Sri Lanka. The mature fruit takes the form of a capsule-like pod that holds within it small aromatic seeds. The cardamom we use is grown in Guatemala and the essential oil is extracted by steam distillating the seeds.

Distilled from the leaves and branches of the camphor tree, ho wood oil is a light, very pleasant woody note with floral and citrus facets. Rosewood sadly being endangered, ho wood is often used as a sustainable alternative in perfumery.

Birch tar is produced by the purification and re-distillation of crude birch oil, which is itself obtained by the slow distillation of birch bark. Our birch bark is a byproduct of the wood industry in the United States, with the distillation process also taking place in the USA.

Our fennel oil is steam distilled from fennel seeds, sourced from the rocky coast of Andalusia, Spain. Native to the Mediterranean, fennel has a rich history, and has been a staple in both culinary and medicinal practices for centuries.

Traditionally gathered by harvesters as blue-green pine needles and small branches left behind from timber harvesting, our Scots pine needles are then transformed into an absolute through solvent extraction. Once processed, they yield a scent that celebrates the living forest - piney, woody and with a peppery edge.

Sandalwood is a slow-growing plant that can reach heights of ten metres, which, due to its popularity, is extremely vulnerable to over-harvesting. Ours comes from sustainable groves in Australia, and is extracted by steam distilling the tree’s wood and root chippings.

Our red cedar wood (also known as red juniper) is grown and harvested in its native Virginia, USA. The oil is steam distilled directly from a cabinet maker’s offcuts. It shares the classic woody notes of atlas cedar, but introduces a distinctive ‘pencil’ facet.

Benzoin Siam is a balsamic resin taken from the bark of the styrax tree, growing wild in the Annamite mountains of Laos. In September, a v-shaped cut is made in the tree bark, and brittle white ‘tears’ of benzoin resin accumulate over three-weeks. This process is known as ‘tapping’.

Our rock rose grows wild on the plains of Almaden de la Plata outside Seville, Spain. In late summer, the leafy stems of the plant are sickle harvested and plunged into hot carbonated water. This mixture is distilled to obtain a honeyed, amber resin - labdanum.

Made from the dried, powdered and distilled roots of bearded iris, orris is one of perfume’s rarest ingredients. After three to four years of flowering, the iris roots are dug by hand and matured for several years. These are powdered, mixed with water and steam distilled to produce a semi-solid oil.

Fermented from rice bran - a byproduct of rice farming - our natural vanillin has a creamy and sweet character. Formed through an entirely natural process that yields a compound chemically identical to the molecule found in vanilla, our vanillin is subtly different from vanilla absolute which is more ambery in tone.